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Miscellaneous Notes regarding the Bab and the Literary and Intellectual Milieu of Early Qajar Shiraz.

Two 19th cent. Images of Joseph Wolff (d.1862) and a glimpse of the Vakil Mosque in Shiraz.

Miscellaneous Notes regarding the Bab and the Literary and Intellectual Milieu of Early Qajar Shiraz.

Stephen Lambden UC Merced,

In Progress - Last updated 23-06-2020,

In order to throw some light of the literary milieu of the birthplace and main residence of the Bab between 1819 and the mid. 1840s, the following notes will be gradually completed, supplemented and commented upon in the light of a source-critical analysis of the revelatory Persian and Arabic writings of the Bab. While the Bab claimed, like the prophet Muhammmad, to be an ummi (loosely, `unlettered', `uneducated') prophet and mazhar-i ilahi (Manifestation of God) he did cite and was influenced by the massive literature of the Shi`i Islamic country into which he was born and the Persiante literary culture of Shiraz and elsewhere in what is today Iran.

A very useful glimpse into the intellectual milieu of early 19th century Shiraz can be gained by an analysis of the interactions between the German-born Jewish convert to Catholicism then Protestant, Anglican Christianity, Joseph Wolff (1795-2 May 1862) and persons he visited in early Qajar era Shiraz. A somewhat eccentric though courageous missionary and one-time student of oriental languages at Cambridge (UK), Wolff met and had spirited dialogue with Jews, Christian and Muslims of various kinds resident in Shiraz and elsewhere in the mid. 1820s (and later). In the third volume of his 1829 Missionary Journal of the Rev. Joseph Wolff, Missionary to the Jews (London: James Duncan + L.B. Seeley & Sons. 1829, pp. 53-54). Wolff lists a wide range of Persian and Arabic books that were the object of study in Shiraz in the 1820s among learned Muslims. In the sometimes very poor transliteration of Wolff, we may tentatively note our understanding of the following thirty-five or so listed Persian and Arabic works (22 Persian and 13 Arabic works) mentioned in his Missionary Journal. I have added a few clarificatory details and bibliographical notes. On attempting to identify the Perian and Arabic sources communicated to Wolff I shall include brief notice of select 19th century and later publications and translations of these poetical, historical and religious texts. Hopefully this will encourage students of the writings of the Bab to enter and identify with the literary universe into which he was born.

Persian and Arabic books in the third volume of the 1829 Missionary Journal follow along with a few clarificatory notes and select modern publications details:

The Twenty-two (largely) Persian works listed by the Muslim informants of Joseph Wolff.

Dīvān-i Anvarī - `Ali ibn Muhammad Anvārī (b. Abivard.Turkmenistan c. 1126 CE -d. Balkh Afghanistan, c.1189 CE).

انورى، اوحد الدين،

[1] “Anware” [sic.] = Kulliyāt-i Anwārī + Dīvān-i Anwārī = Poetical works of `Ali ibn Muhammad Awḥad al-Dīn, Anvarī (d. ca. 585/1189-90).

"Anvari's poetry was widely read in his time and in the next centuries. We even find allusions to verses and tales from his Dīvān in the poetry of the greatest mystical poet who ever wrote in Persian, Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi ( 1207-73), who grew up in Balkh, where Anvari spent most of his life. Anvari's qasīdas became models for all later poets, and as late as the nineteenth century the major Persian poets continued to imitate the zamīn - the meter and rhyme scheme - of his most famous qasīdas" (Annemarie Schimmel in Anvari's Divan, 1983: 65),

ديوان انورى / Dīvān-i Anvarī or Anwārī - Printed editions

كليات / Kullīyat / Dīvān Tabrīz, 1266/ 1849 or 50. 381 pages.
كليات نظم انورى / Kullīyat-i naẓm-i Anvārī, Cawnpore, Kānpūr : Maṭbaʼ, 1897. 769 pages. See HathiTrust Digital Library :
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015043628539&view=1up&seq=1
Dīvān-e Anwārī. ed. Sa'id-e Nafisi. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1337 Sh./1958.
Dīvān-i Anwārī, ed. Muhammad Taqi Mudarris Ridawi, vol. 1, Qasā'id. Tehran, 1337 Sh./1958; vol. 2. Muqatta'āt, ghazaliyyāt, rubā 'iyāt .Tehran, 1340 Sh./ 1961.1347 Sh./1968.
منتخبات از قصايد انورى : (بعد حذف و اضافه) / Muntakhabāt az qaṣāyid-i Anvarī baʻd ḥadhf va idāfah (= Selections from qasāid-i Anwarī ...). Bombay : Sharafuddin & Sons, 1966. 63 pages.
Dīvān-i Anwārī. Tehran: Shirkat-i Intishārāt-i ʻIlmī va Farhangī, 1364/1986.
Dīvān-i Anwārī. Introduction Saʻīd Nafīsī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nigah, 1376/1997. 742 pages.
ديوان انورى Diwan-i Anwārī . ed. Saʻīd Nafīsī; Parvīz Bābāyī. Tehran: Nigāh, 1389/ 2010.

Awḥad al-Dīn Anvarī; ed. Saʻīd Nafīsī; Farīd Fatḥī

Dīvān-i Anvarī : shāmil : qaṣīdahʹhā, ghazalʹhā, qiṭʻahʹhā, rubāʻīʹhā. Tehran: : Intishārāt-i Sunāyī, 1397/ 2018 or 2019. 807 pages.

ابو الحسن حسينى فراهانى، Abū al-Ḥasan Husaynī Farāhānī, et al.

شرح مشكلات ديوان انورى . Sharh Mushkilat-i Diwan-i Anwārī. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1340/1961.

Auhaduddin Anvarī / Annemarie Schimmel; Stuart Carey Welch.

Anvari's Divan: A Pocket Book for Akbar ; a Dīvān of Auhaduddin Anvari, copied for the Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Akbar (r. 1556-1605) at Lahore in A.H. 996/A.D. 1588. Now in the Fogg Art Museum of Harvard Univ. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983. 142 pages.

Smith, Paul

Divan of Anvari. Victoria, Australia: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform: 2018, 212 pages. Translation & Introduction Paul Smith Ahad-ud-din Anvari Abeverdi (1126-1189) was a court poet of the Seljuk sultans. Jami composed a ruba’i where he names him, along with Firdausi and Sadi as one of the ‘three apostles’ of Persian poetry.

Note also Anvari's `The Tears of Khorasan'. translated by William Kirkpatrick in 1785, E. H. Palmer, trans. in A. J. Arberry ...

Edward Granville Browne (d. 1926).

A Literary History of Persia. Volume II. Cambridge, 1902+1928), 364-94. Browne here draws upon the monograph on Anvari of Valentin A. Zhokovskii (1858-1918), `Materials for a Biography and Characteristic Sketch; `Alī Awhadu'd-Din Anwarl (St. Petersburg. 1883) summarizcd by Wilhelm Portsch in Literaturblatt für Orientalische Philologie (Leipzig. 1884·5)), II: 16. (so Schimmel in Anvari's Divan: 1983: 68).

[2] “Khakane” [sic.] = خاقانى، افضل الدىن شروانى، Afdal al-Dīn Bādil Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī Khāqānī Shīrvānī, (b. Shīrvān [now Azerbayjan] c. 1106, - d. Tabriz, c. 1190), the son of a Muslim and a Nestorian Christian woman.

^{Afdal al-Dīn}^{Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī} ^Khāqānī^{Shīrvānī (d. Tabriz, 1190 CE),}^{Image edited from Toos foundation}

Khāqānī was a Persian poet, famous for his sometimes complex, difficult or abstruse court poems, satires, and epigrams. He he took his pen-name while at the court of the ruler or Shīrvān Shah, initially the khāqān (“Regal”), Manūchehr. He is especially famous for his Ḥabsiyya (prison poetry or “jail ballad”) a Mathnavī (poem in rhyming couplets) and another Mathnavī, the five part, around 3000 verse, poetical travelogue of his pilgrimage to Mecca entitled Tuḥfat al-ʿIrāqayn (“Gift of the Two Iraqs”= loosely “Persia” and Iraq).

“Of these qaṣidas and tarjiʿāt, nearly two-thirds are panegyrics. Most of them are profane, but some are in praise of the Prophet (naʿtiyas). These naʿtiyas in particular, but many of his other panegyrics as well, more specifically those dedicated to mystical and religious figures, have an ethical and pious content (zohdiyas).” (from Beelaert EIr.).

Dīvān-i Khāqānī

ديوان حسان العجم افضل الدين ابراهيم بن على خاقانى شروانى / Dīvān-i Ḥassān al-Aʻjam Afz̤al al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn ʻAlī Khāqānī Shirvānī. ed. ʻAlī ʻAbd al-Rasūlī. : Kitābkhānah-ʼi Saʻādat, 1317/1938 + Reprinted Tehran: : Kitābkhānah-ʼi Khayyām, 2537. 1978. 11, 979 pages.
Dīvān-i Khāqānī : guzārish-i dushvārīhā. ed. comp and annotation, Mīr Jalāl al-Dīn Kazzāzī, Tehran: Markaz, 1999. 963 pages.

Afdal al-Dīn Shirvānī Khāqānī

تحفت العراقين = ختم الغرايب / Tuḥfat al-ʻIrāqayn = Khatm al-gharāyib. Zabān va adabīyāt-i Fārsī, 45. ed. ʻAlī Ṣafarī Āqʹqalʻah. Tehran : Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 2009. 64, 830, [8], 6 pages.

ʻAbbās Māhyār,

Sharḥ-i mushkilāt-i Khāqānī. 3 vols. Karaj : Intishārāt-i Jām-i Gul, 1382 /2003 or 2004.

Muhammad Ridā Barzgar Khāliqī

شرح ديوان خاقانى : همراه با مقدمه، تلفظ واژه‌هاى دشوار، درست‌خوانى، زيباشناسى و شرح ابيات / Sharḥ-i Dīvān-i Khāqānī : hamrāh bā muqaddamah, tallafuẓ-i vāzhahʹhā-yi dushvār, durustʹkhvānī, zībāshināsī va sharḥ-i abyāt. Tehran: Tihrān : Zavvār 2008; 2nd printing : Zavvār, Zamistān 1390 / 2012.

Maʻṣūmah Maʻdanʹkan;

بزم ديرينه عروس : شرح پانزده قصيده از ديوان خاقانى = Bazm-i dīrīnah-i ʻarūs : sharḥ-i pānzdah qaṣīdah az dīvān-i Khāqānī. Tehran: : Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1372/ 1993. 547 pages.

See further :

Mīr Jalāl al-Dīn Kazzāzī, خاقانى شروانى / Khāqānī Shirvānī. : Daftar-i Pizhūhishhā-yi Farhangī, 1387/ 2008 or 2009. 108 pages.
Rypka, Jan (2011). History of Iranian Literature. Springer.
Khaqani". Encyclopedia Britannica.
Beelaert, Anna Livia, “ḴĀQĀNI ŠERVĀNI (or Šarvāni)” in Eir. Vol. XV/ 5, pp. 521-529.

Alireza Korangy,

Development of the ghazal and Khaqani's contribution : a study of the development of ghazal and a literary exegesis of a 12th c. poetic harbinger. Thesis. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2013; idem,
Khaqani, poet-philosopher of medieval Persia : the life and writings. London : I. B. Tauris, 2016.

[3]”Khamsae Nasaama” [sic.], خمسه نظامى گنجوي ميرزا على قلى خوى = the Khamseh. خمسه, or "Quintet" or “The Quintuplet”, the five narrative poems of Elyās Yūsof Niẓāmī Ganjavī, Mīrzā ʻAlī Qulī Khūʼī (b. Ganja, Azerbayjan, c. 1141 - d. Ganja, 1209).

^{Niẓāmī reciting the story of Alexander...}

Also known as the Panj Ganj, پنج گنج, ("Five Treasures"), this constitutes a pentalogy of around 30.000 mathnavī or rhymed couplets. The five portions are :

مخزن‌الاسرار 1, Makhzan al-asrar, "The Treasury of the Mysteries"
خسرو و شیرین 2 Khusraw va Shirin "Khrosrow and Shirin". See further No. 8 below,
3 لیلی و مجنون Layli va Majnun "Layli and Majnun" the two originally Arab lovers "Night" and "Manness".
4 اسکندرنامه, Iskandah-Nameh. The Tale / Romance of Alexander [the Great] (356-333 BCE)" - for some a proto-Islamic warrior and prophet figure... See Niẓāmī Ganjavī; Euangelos Venetēs, The Persian Alexander : the first complete English translation of the Iskandarnāma, London : I.B. Tauris, 2018. x, 381+4 pages. See further and for an indication of contents World Cat :
https://www.worldcat.org/title/persian-alexander-the-first-complete-engl...
5 هفت پیکر Haft Paykar, "The Seven Beauties" - Niẓāmī Ganjavī, trans. Julie Scott Meisami, The Hayft Paykar. Oxford University Press, 1995. 307 pages,

[4]”Nechem Sanae” [sic.], Hakīm Sanāʼī =ائى الغزنوى، ابو المجد مجدود بن آدم، = Abū al-Majd, Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanāʼī al-Ghaznavī (b. Ghazna c. /1087- d. c. 525/1130). Also known as Khātam al-Shuʿarā ("The Seal of the Poets"),

Dīvān-i Hakīm Abū al-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanāʼī Ghaznavi

Dīvān-i Hakīm Abū al-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanāʼī-yi Ghaznavi. ed. Muhammad Taqi Mudarris-i Radavi, 3rd ed. Tehran: Kitab-Khaneh-yi Sanāʼī, 1362 Sh./1981.

The Didactic Poem Ḥadiqat al-ḥaqiqa... A mystical Mathnawi.

Ḥadiqat al-ḥaqiqa wa-shariʿat al-ṭariqa (The Garden of Truth and the Law of the Right Path).

The Ilāhi-Nāma ("The Divine Book"),

Kārnāma-yi Balkh or Muṭāyaba-nāma ("The Book of Jest"). A secular poem of 433 couplets.

Select Articles

Franklin D. Lewis,

“Reading, Writing and Recitation: Sanāʾī and the Origins of the Persian Ghazal,” Ph.D. dissertation, Chicago University, 1995.

Julie Scott Meisami,

Medieval Persian Court Poetry, Princeton, 1987.

J. T. P. de Bruijn,

Of Piety and Poetry: the Interaction of Religion and Literature in the Life and Works of Hakīm Sanā’ī of Ghazna, Leiden, 1983. Contains an extensive bibliography; Persian tr. Mehyār ʿAlavi and Moḥammad Javād Mahdavi as Ḥakim-e eqlim-e ʿešq, Mashhad, 1999.

See further EIr. Originally Published: May 17, 2012

"SANĀʾI, Majdud b. Ādam Ḡaznavi ..." EIr. :
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sanai-poet

[5] “Kolleat Sheikh Saade” [sic.] = The Kulliyāt ("Comprehensive Compendium") of Shaykh `Abd-Allah ibn Musharrif al-Din Saʻdī Shīrāzī (b. Shiraz c.1210 - d. Shiraz, d. 691/1292).

^{Tomb of Saʻdī- Pascal Coste, 1867.}

This compendium is in more than twenty sections or divisions See Losensky EIr (below). Sa`di is especially famous for his Gulistan (Rose-Garden”), Bustan ( ), various Ghazals (“Lyrics”), and Qaṣīdahs ("Odes") as well as miscellaneous other writings. See

A. J. Arberry, Classical Persian Literature, London, 1958: 186-213.

See Paul Losensky. "SAʿDI, Abu Moḥammad Mošarref-al-Din Moṣleḥ b. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Mošarref Širāzi" in EIr.. January 1, 2000. Last Updated: February 1, 2012 :

http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sadi-sirazi

"Gulistān" ("Rose-Garsen"), completed 656/1258 :

"Written in prose liberally sprinkled with verse in a variety of forms and meters, the Golestān follows the general themes and organization of the Bustān, but is grouped under eight (rather than ten) chapter rubrics, like the eight gates to paradise (G57): “On the Conduct of Kings” (41 stories), “On the Morals of Dervishes” (48 stories), “On the Excellence of Contentment” (29 stories), “On the Benefits of Silence” (14 stories), “On Love and Youth” (21 stories), On Frailty and Old Age (9 stories), On the Effects of Education (tarbiat, 20 stories), On Manners (non-narrative aphorisms and maxims)." Extract from EIr (see below).

"Gulistān" -GOLESTĀN-E SAʿDI in EIr.
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/golestan-e-sadi

Select English translations

Shekh Muslihu'd-din Sadi of Shiraz ; Trans. Edward B. Eastwick

The Gulistan; or, Rose-Garden of Shekh Muslihu'd-din Sadi of Shiraz, Trubner & Co.,, Trubner's Oriental Series. 2nd ed. 1880.

Edward Rehatsek

The Rose Garden (Gulistan) (Masterpieces of Sufi Literature). Rep. Amrican ed. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York NY. 1965.

Richard Burton Trans. & Illustrated by John Kettelwell,

Tales from the Gulistan or Rose-Garden of the Sheikh Sa'di of Shiraz. Philip Allan & Co., Ltd., London, 1928.

"Bustan" ("The Orchard") بوستان‎, 4,100 mathnavī couplets completed in 655/1257. See G. Michael Wickens art in EIr. Vol. IV, Fasc. 6, pp. 573-574. December 15, 1990

EIr. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bustan-sadi

[6] ”Dewaan Hafiz” [sic.] = Dīvān-i Ḥafiẓ.

The “Poetical Compendium” of Ḥāfiẓ of Shiraz (d.792/1390); شمس‌‌الدین محمد حافظ شیرازی‎ Shams-al-Din Muhammad Ḥafiẓ-i Shirazī (ca. 715-792/1315-1390), celebrated Persian lyric poet,

^{18 April 2013 - A rare commentary on the Divan of Hafiz}

See https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2013/04/a-rare-commentary-on-the-d...

"Ḥāfiẓ" - Overview (Multiple Authors), 2002 +2012:

EIr.Vol. XI, Fasc. 5, pp. 461-507 = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hafe

English Translations of the poems of Ḥāfiẓ are scattered and numerous and of very varying quality. This is evident in the EIr article (cited above) and drawn on below.

Hafez x. Translations of Hafez in English by Parvin Loloi in EIr. Vol. XI, Fasc. 5, pp. 498-500 - Those early translators loosely chronologically listed below are not generally well-received in the EIr article (drawn on here); with the exception of that of Gertrude Bell which is often highly praised.

http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hafez-x

Sir William Jones (1746-94), translated a few poems including the “Turk-i Shīrāzī” ghazal, See his A Grammar of the Persian Language, Oxford, 1771.

John Nott (1751-1825), Select Odes from the Persian Poet Hafez, London, 1787.
Lieut.-Col. H. Wilberforce Clarke (1840-1905), trans. Dīvān (complete).
Edward Byles Cowell (1826-1903),
John Payne (1842-1916), The Poems Of ... Hafiz of Shiraz, London, 1901
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell (1868-1926).: Poems from the Divan of Hafiz, London, 1897; reissued as The Hafez Poems of Gertrude Bell, Bethseda, Md., 1995.
Walter Leaf (1852-1927), Versions from Hafiz, An Essay in Persian Metre, London, 1898.
Arthur John Arberry (b. Portsmouth, 1905 - d. Cambridge, 1969), “Orient Pearls at Random Strung,” BSO(A)S 11, 1946; Idem, “Hafiz and His English Translators,” Islamic Culture 20, 1946, pp. 111-28; 229-49' Idem, Fifty Poems of Hafiz, Text and Translations, Cambridge, 1947 (As in EIr.
Paul Smith (b. 1945). Divan Of Hafiz, Melbourne, 1983.
Julie. Scott Meisami, Lecturer in Persian at The Oriental Institute, Oxford + University of California, Berkeley.
Elizabeth T. Gray, Jr., The Green Sea of Heaven: Fifty Ghazals from the Diwan of Hafiz, Ashland, Ore., 1995.

[7] “Iaame Iaame” [sic.]. Perhaps the Mathnawi poem called Jam-i Jam or "Cup of Jamshid" ["World-Displaying Glass"] of Awhadi of Maragha or Isfahan (see EGB, LHP III:141)

Or a compendia of the writings of `Abd al-Raḥman Jāmī (d. Herat, 898/1492) ??;

[8] “Ferhada Shereen” [sic.] = شیرین و فرهاد / خسرو و شیرین‎ = Shīrīn va Farhād / Khusraw va Shīrīn,

^{Tile depicting Khusraw and Shīrīn}

A poetical romance between the Sassanian king Khusraw (Chosroes) II, Parvēz (r. 591-628) and/or the Parthian prince Farhād and an Armenian princess named Shīrīn (“Sweetness”) found within the massive fivefold Khamseh of Niẓāmī Ganjavī (see [3].2 above) ;

[9] “Shah Nameh : Jerdouse” [sic.] = the شاهنامۀ The Shāh-Nāmeh ("Book of Kings") of Manṣūr ibn Ḥasan Ḥakīm, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī al-Ṭūsī (b. Bāzh or Pāj near al-Ṭūs, Khurasan, 329/ 940- d.c.411/1020), حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی

Select Editions and translations.

"The current standard edition of the poem [Shahnameh], which runs to nine volumes, includes over 50,000 lines... for an English reader.. that is over 100.000 lines long" (Davis, Shahnameh, 2006: xiii).

Firdawsi, Shāhnāmah / ed. trans. Jules Mohl

Le Livre des Rois par Abou'lkasim Firdousi, traduit et commenté par J. Mohl. Publié par Mme. Mohl. / Firdawsī.; Jules MOHL; Mary Elizabeth MOHL, Madame. Paris: Mme. Mohl, 7 vols. 1876-8.
Rep. Paris 1976,

Firdawsi, Jamshedji Dorabji Khandalawala; Julius Mohl; K.R. Cama Oriental Institute.

An introduction to the Shah-nameh of Firdousi from the French of Jules Mohl. Mumbai [Bombay] : K.R. Cama Oriental Institute, 2001. vii, 116 pages. Originally published: 1898. "Study on Shāhnāmah of Firdawsī based on Julius Mohl's, 1800-1876, Le livre des rois in French" (World Cat.).

Firdawsī.; Helen Zimmern; Lawrence Alma-Tadema [etchings]; Edmund Gosse [prefatory poem].

Epic of kings : stories retold from Firdusi. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1882. xlvii, 339 pages. Based upon Jules Mohl's French translation of: Shāhnāmah.

Firdawsī / ed. Evgenij Ė Bertelʹs et al. 1960s-1971 ["Moscow ed."]

Shahnameh, 9 vols. Moskva Izdat. Vost. Lit., 1966-1971. In series "Pamjatniki literatury narodov Vostoka / Teksty / Bol'šaja serija, 2; Pamjatniki literatury narodov Vostoka / Teksty.; Bol'šaja serija",
Šāhnāma-i Firdausī : matn-i intiqādī / 1. Moskva : Nauka, 1963. vol. 3 (1965) In Silsila-i āthār-i adabī-i milal-i ḫāwar .; Bolšaja serija...

Firdawsī.; E Ė Bertelʹs; Niẓām al-Dīn Nūrī

شاهنامۀ فردوسى بر اساس چاپ مسکو / Shāhnāmah-ʼi Firdawsī bar asās-i chāp-i Muskū. Tehran: : Nashr-i Zuhrah, 1381/ 2002 or 2003. 697 pages. Persian - taḥt-i naẓar-i A. Birtils, bih kūshish-i Niẓām al-Dīn Nūrī Kūtanāyī.

Firdawsī / Ṭūmār Murshid ʻAbbās Zarīrī Iṣfahānī ; vīrāyish-i Jalīl Dūstkhvāh.

شاهنامۀ نقالان : داستان‌های پهلوانی ايرانيان در زنجيره‌ای از روايت‌های سينه به سينه و سنتی / Shāhnāmah-ʼi naqqālān : dāstānʹhā-yi pahlavānī-i Īrāniyān dar zanjīrahʹī az rivāyatʹhā-yi sīnah bih sīnah va sunnatī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Quqnūs, 1396 / 2017 or 2018. 5 volumes + 1 audio disc.

Firdawsī. / Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh; Mahmoud Omidsalar; Abū al-Faz̤l Khaṭībī.

Shahnameh, 5 + (7) vols. New York. 1988-1997 / 1987-2008. In series : Majmūʻah-ʼi mutūn-i Fārsī, silsilah-ʼi nū, shumārah-ʼi 1.‏ Bibliotheca Persica،‏ Niyū Yūrk : Bibliotheca Persica, ©1987-<2008. + Mazda Publishers. vol.1.includes introd. in English. See further World Cat. :
https://www.worldcat.org/title/shahnamah/oclc/16924521&referer=brief_res...
ادداشت‌هاى شاهنامه / Yādʹdāshtʹhā-yi Shāhnāmah by ‏خالقى مطلق، جلال. Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh. New York : Persian Heritage Foundation, Bibliotheca Persica Press ; Winona Lake, Ind. : Eisenbrauns [distributor], 2001. Includes Concordance and Notes on the Shahnameh.

Translations +

The Shah Nameh : an heroic poem. Containing the history of Persia from Kioomurs to Yesdejird ; that is, from the earliest times to the conquest of that empire by the Arabs. By Abool Kasim Firdousee. Carefully collated with a number of the oldest and best manuscripts, and illustrated by a copious glossary of obsolete words and obscure idioms: with an introduction and life of the author, in English and Persian ; and an appendix, containing the interpolated episodes, &c. found in different manuscripts. By Turner Macan, Persian interpreter to the Commander in Chief, and Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta Carefully collated with a number of the oldest and best manuscripts and illustrated by a copious glossary of obsolete words and obscure idioms: with an introduction and life of the author in English and Persian and an appendix ... By Turner Macan. Assisted by Hāfiz Ahmad Kabīr Pers. I,II,III,IV... Kalkatah/ Calcutta : The Baptist Mission Press, Circular Road, 1829. Rep. Tehran: 1365-67/1849-50. Very early publication.
Manṣūr b Ḥasan Firdawsī; Reuben Levy (trans.), iranist; Amin Banani (rev. trans.), The Epic of the Kings : Shāh-nāma, the national epic of Persia. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977 (Persian Heritage Series 2). 423 pages.
The Shahnameh - The Persian Book of Kings, A New Translation by Dick Davis with a foreward by Azar Nafisi. USA: Viking /Penguin Books/ Mage Publishers, 1997, 2000+ 2004+ 2006. 886 pages.
Sheila R Canby; [Ṭahmāsp, Shah of Iran], The Shahnama of Shah Tahmasp : the Persian book of kings. New Haven, Conn. ; London : Yale University Press, 2012. 287 pages. "One of the most voluminous epics of world literature, the "Shahnama" (or "Book of Kings") narrates the history of the ancient kings of Iran, from their mythical beginnings to the Arab conquest in 651 AD. This title presents 258 illuminated pages of this famous volume in colour and close to their original size". See Image above...
Ahmad Sadri; Firdawsī.; Sheila R Canby; Hamid Rahmanian, Shahnameh : the epic of the Persian kings. New York : Liveright Publishing Corporation, a division of W.W. Norton & Company, 2017. xvii, 570 pages. Summary in World Cat. =

"Ferdowsi's classic poem Shahnameh is part myth, part history-beginning with the legend of the birth of the Persian nation and its tumultuous history, it contains magical birds and superhuman heroes and centuries-long battles. Written over 1,000 years ago, it was meant to protect Persian collective memory amidst a turbulent sea of cultural storms. Originally written in couplets, the translation and adaptation by Ahmad Sadri retells the mythological tales in prose format. The spectacular illustrations in this edition were created from elements culled from thousands of manuscripts, lithographs, and miniatures dating from the thirteenth through the nineteenth centuries, and each panel becomes a new work of art, an exquisite collage of traditional forms".

Select Articles.

Browne, Edward G., A Literary History of Persia vol. II:129-48,

See Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh,

"FERDOWSI, ABU'L-QĀSEM" EIr. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ferdowsi-i 1999 updated January 26, 2012

Omidsalar, Mahmoud,

Poetics and politics of Iran's national epic, the Shahnameh. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, Summary in World Cat. = "This book considers some of the Western interpretations of The Shahnameh - Iran's national epic, and argues that these interpretations are not only methodologically flawed, but are also more revealing of Western concerns and anxieties about Iran than they are about the Shahnameh". Abstract "This book considers some of the Western interpretations of The Shahnameh - Iran's national epic, and argues that these interpretations are not only methodologically flawed, but are also more revealing of Western concerns and anxieties about Iran than they are about the Shahnameh" (W.Cat.).

Lewis, Franklin,

"The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi as world literature", in International Society for Iranian Studies, v. 48, no. 3. pp. 313-514. Abingdon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

[10] “Dabestan” = دبستان المذاهب the Dābestān-i madhāhib (The School of Religious Doctrines”) of Mīr Dhu’l-Fiqār Ardistānī (ca. 1026-81/1617-70).

دبستان المذاهب

See article` DABESTĀN-E MAḎĀHEB’ by Fatḥ-Allāh Mojtabāʾī in EIr. Vol. VI/5, 532-534;

Original Persian Printings:

هذا كتاب دبستان المذاهب = Hādhā Kitāb-i Dabistān al-madhāhib. Muḥsin Fānī; Ibrāhīm ibn Nūr Muḥammad. Bombay: Lithograph, 1267/ 1851 +1292/ 1875. 327 pages.
دبستان مذاهب. Dabistān al-madhāhib, Lucknow : Munshī Naval Kishūr, 1877.Here attributed to فانى كشميري، محسن. Muḥsin Fānī Kashmīrī. 396 pages.
دبستان مذاهب / Dabistān-i madhāhib. Kaykhusraw Isfandiyār; Muḥsin Fānī; ed. Raḥīm Ridāzādah-ʼi Malik. Tehran: : Kitābkhānah-ʼi Ṭahūrī, 2 vols. 1362 /1983 [= Adabiyāt-i dasātīrī, 1] Vol.1/ mujallad-i 1. Matn =Text; vol. 2 mujallad-i 2. Taʻlīqāt. Notes and commentary. Here the book is attributed by the editor to Mūbad Kaykhusraw Isfandiyār though often previously or commonly attributed to Muḥsin Fānī (see above and translations below).
Dābestān-i madhāhib

Select Translations

Early Victorian English translation in 3 vols. London, 1843. Authorship attributed to Muhammad Muḥsin Fānī (following William Jones) ...

Shea, David, & Anthony Troyer (eds.) / Mīrzā Muḥammad Fānī; David Shea; Anthony Troyer

The Dabistan, or School of Manners, translated from the original Persian, with Notes and Illustrations, by David Shea the oriental department in the Honourable East India Company's College; and Anthony Troyer, member of the Royal Asiatic Societies of Great Britain and Ireland, of Calcutta and Paris, And of the ethnological society of Paris; edited, with a preliminary discourse, by the latter. Paris : Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by Benjamin Duprat, bookseller to the bibliothèque Royale, 7. Rue du Cloitre Saint-Benoit. And Allen and Co., Leadenhall-Street, London., 3 vols. 1843. cxcvii, 380 pages (Vol.1);
The Dabistán: or, School of Manners: The Religious Beliefs, Observances, Philosophic Opinions and Social Customs...: of the nations of the East. Translated from the original Persian by David Shea and Anthony Troyer with a special introduction by A. V. Williams Jackson. by Fānī / Muḣammad Muḣsin, d. 1671 or 2. Shea, David, 1777-1836.
PDf. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24735/page/n9/mode/2up
PDf.https://ia600206.us.archive.org/31/items/dabistnorschoo01shea/dabistnors...
https://ia600206.us.archive.org/31/items/dabistnorschoo01shea/dabistnors...
Abridged edition Washington: M. Walter Dunne, 1901.
Oriental Literature: Or, The Dabistan by Shea, David; Troyer, Anthony (translators). New York: Tudor Publishing Co, 1937. 8vo (medium). Translated from the original Persian. vii, 411 pages.

Sheth, Sudev,

"Manuscript Variations of Dabistān-i Maẕāhib and Writing Histories of Religion in Mughal India" article in Manuscript Studies: A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies, vol., 4 no.1 (2019), pp.19-41. Summary:

"ABSTRACT: A text that has found renewed interest among scholars of early modern India is the Persian compendium of religion called Dabistān-i Maẕāhib. Written between 1645 and 1658, the Dabistān presents a lively ethnographic and historical account of customs and habits of various major and minor religious communities in northern India during the heyday of the Mughal Empire (1526-1707). Written like a travelogue, it moves between various modes of description including mythical revelations, storytelling, ethnographic notes, and authorial commentary. The Dabistān-i Maẕāhib is also valuable because it is the earliest work outside of the Sikh literary tradition that contains first-hand accounts of the growing Sikh socio-religious movement established in Punjab during the sixteenth century. Focusing on this section titled "The Nanak Panthis", this article explores what translators, commentators, and historians have variously understood as comprising the original text. Since the early twentieth century, scholars have relied on later manuscript and print editions in their English translations and use of this work without necessarily reflecting on how these choices have preconditioned interpretive possibilities. My analysis of a recently discovered and earliest known manuscript copy of the Dabistān-i Maẕāhib from 1650 suggests that all of the later hand written and print editions, which have now become standardized through scholarly convention, omit certain details and even entire passages. This has major implications for how we have understood the genesis and transmission of the text, and perhaps more significantly, the social groups and historical moments depicted in this one-of-a-kind work" ( As cited World. Cat.).

The possible influence of the Dabistan on the writings of the Bab has yet to be examinbed in any detail.This subject first came to my attention in the 1970s when I ordered (through Oxford central library ILL service) the then scare Shea and Troyer printing of the Dabistan and read it through. I soon became aware of its very probable influence upon Babi-Baha'i sacred writings and aspects of its doctrinal universe....

[11] “Anwar Saheile” [sic.] = انوار سهيلى = Anwār-i Suhaylī (“Lights of the Canopus”; adapted in Persian from Kalílah va Dimnah (rooted in the fables of Bídpáí) as a `Mirror for Princes’ from India of Mulla Ḥusayn ibn `Alī, Ḥusayn Vāʻiẓ Kāshifī

See further "KALILA WA DEMNA (کلیله و دمنه)", a collection of didactic animal fables... in EIr. Vol. XV, Fasc. 4, pp. 386-397 Multiple Authors. Originally Published: December 15, 2010.Last Updated: April 20, 2012.

http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalila-demna-index

[12] “Rawsat Alsafaa” [sic.] = روضة الصفا في سیرة الانبياء والملوك والخلفاء = Rawḍat al-ṣafā’ fī sīrat al‑anbiyā’ wa’l‑mulūk wa’l‑khulafā’ of Muhammad ibn Khwāndshāh ibn Maḥmūd, Mīrkhwānd or "Mīrʹkhvānd" (d. 903/1498).

^{Section of Mirkhwand's "Rawzat al-Safa'" (Library of Congress) + Image from the Rehatsek printing. See below.}

Muḥammad ibn Khāvandshāh, Mīr Khvānd

The Rawḍat al‑ṣafā (The Garden of Purity...)

According to Rosenthal the 13th century saw a "steady flow of Arabic and Persian universal histories" (Rosenthal 1968:148). Notable, however, among the pre‑Safavid chronicles is the Rawḍat al‑ṣafā fī sīrat al‑anbiyā’ wa’l‑mulūk wa’l‑khulafā’ (Garden of Purity respecting the Lives of the Prophets, the Kings and the Caliphs; 7+1 vols.) of the late Tīmūrid writer Muhammad ibn Khwāndshāh ibn Maḥmūd, Mīrkhwānd (d. 903/1498). Refer Storey, 1:92‑101 (342); Zaryāb, `preface’ [1:xff] Beveridge [Manz], `Mīrkhwānd..’ EI² VII:126‑7; Quinn, 2000:14.

This lengthy work has a long opening section `On the beginning of creation, the stories of the Prophets (qiṣaṣ‑i payāmbarān), the circumstances of the Iranian kings and of the sages of old (ḥukamā‑ yi pīshīn)’ (ed. `Abbās Zaryāb,1:15‑198).2 It cites around forty Arabic and Persian histories and exists in numerous often confused manuscripts. Apparently lacking an autograph ms. variant texts are represented by several 19th century lithograph editions (Bombay, 1845, 1848; Tehran, 1853‑56; Lucknow, 1874;1883) some having been translated into Turkish, Latin and other European languages. The Rawḍat al‑ṣafā was supplemented and extended in Qājār times by Riḍā’ Qulī Khān Hidāyat (d. 1288/1871) as the Rawḍat al‑ṣafā‑ yi Nāṣirī.

Library of Congress - Fragment on the 7th Imam Musa al-Kazim (d.c. 183/799).

https://www.wdl.org/en/item/6993/

Select manuscripts and printed editions of the Rawḍat al-ṣafā’ :

تارىخ روضة الصفا. - Tārīkh-i rawḍat al-ṣafā. Lithograph. 7 vols in 2 vols. (Vol.1. = Pts. 1-3 and vol.2 Pts. 4-7), Bombay: N.p., 1263 /1847. This is apparently the very first Lithograph printing of the Rawḍat al-ṣafā. This publicaton was completed on 15th Ramadan, 1263 AH = 27th August 1847 CE and was associated with Shiraz through a certain Sayyid Rida' al-Husayni al-Shirazi (see Rawdat ed. Jamshid Kiyānfar, vol.1: 44, citing the conclusion of this first lithograph edition).
تارىخ روضة الصفا. - Tārīkh-i rawḍat al-ṣafā. Lithograph, Bombay : N.p., 1266/1850.
جلد اول مشتمل بر پنج مجلد ار جمله هفت جلد تاريخ سابقه محمد خواند شاه ... بإهتمام ومراقبة مؤلف ومتمم ين تأليف شريف ... رضاقلى متخلص بهدايت ... vols. 10 vols. in 9. Ṭehran : [Publisher not identified], 1270-1274/ 1853-1857. Pts. 8-10 were written by Riz̤āʹ Qulī Khān Hidāyat, as a supplement to Rawz̤at ʾal-ṣafā, under the title Tārīkh-i Rawz̤at al-ṣafā-yi Nāṣirī. Copy in Edinburgh University Library (so World Cat.)
کتاب تاريخ روضة الصفا = Kitāb-i Tārīkh-i Rawḍat al-ṣafā'. 7 volumes in 1. Lithograph, Bombay : [publisher not identified], 1271/1855.
تاريخ روضة الصفا / Tārīkh-i rawḍat al-ṣafā, مير خواند، محمد بن خواوندشاه. تصنيف مير محمد بن سيد برهان الدين خواوندشاه الشهير بمير خواند ؛ از روى نسخ متعدده مقابله گرديده و فهرست اسامى و اعلام و قبايل و كتب با چاپهاى ديگر متمايز ميباشد. هدايت، رضا قلي. ; Muḥammad ibn Khāvandshāh Mīr Khvānd; Riz̤ā Qulī Hidāyat = Mīr Muhammad ibn Sayyid Burhān al-Dīn Khāvand Shāh al-shahīr bi-Mīr Khvānd ; az rū-yi nusakh-i mutaʻaddadah-i muqābilah gardīdah va fihrist-i asāmī va aʻlām va qabāyil va kutub bā chāphā-yi digar mutamāyiz mībāshad 10 vols. [in 7 vols.] Tehran: : Kitābfurūshī-i Markazī or Markazī-i Khayyām Pīrūz, 1338-1339/1959-1960. Here vols 8-10 were written by Riz̤ā Qulī Khān Hidāyat, being a supplement to Rawz̤at al-ṣafā, under the title Tārīkh-i Rawz̤at al-ṣafā-yi Nāṣirī.
تاريخ روضة الصفا فى سيرة الانبياء والملوک و الخلفا / Tārīkh-i rawz̤at al-ṣafā fī sīrat al-anbiyāʼ va al-mulūk va al-khulafāʼ. 10+ volumes in 15. Vols. 12-15 are the Qajar supplement by Riz̤ā Qulī Khān Hidāyat. ed. Jamshid Kiyanfar. Tehran: Intisharat-i Aṣāṭīr, 1380 / 2001-2002. World Cat. spells out the contents of vols 1-10 as follows.
1. Az ẓuhūr-i khalqat tā Shalūm ibn Dāvud --
1, 2. Az Sulaymān ibn Dāvud tā ufūl-i Sāsāniyān --
2-1. Dar sharḥ-i ḥāl-i payāmbar tā sāl-i haftum-i hijrat --
2-2, bakhsh-i 2. Vaqāyiʻ-i sāl-i hashtum tā sāl-i chihilum-i hijrat --
3. Sharḥ-i ḥāl-i aʼimmah-i aṭhār, Bani Umayyah, khulafā-yi ʻAbbāsī --
4-1. Az Ṭāhiriyān tā Saljūqiyān --
4-2. Az Khvārazmshāhiyān tā Āl-i Kart --
5. Mughūlān, Chūpāniyān, Īlkāniyān, Sarbidārān --
6, bakhsh-i 1. Amīr Taymūr Gūrakān --
6-2. Jānishīnān-i Amīr Taymūr --
7. Dar salṭanat-i sulṭān Ḥusayn Bāyqarā va z̲ikr-i badāyiʼ va ʻajāyib va gharāyib-i jughrāfiyā --
8. Ṣafavīyān va Afshāriyān --
9-1. Zandīyah, Qājārīyah tā pāyān-i jang-i avval-i Īrān va Rūs --
9-2. Dunbālah-ʼi salṭanat-i Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh --
10. Dar salṭanat-i Muḥammad Shāh va Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh Qājār.

_____

فهرست تارىخ روضة الصفا : فهرست اعلام و اماکن و کتب / Fihrist-i Tārīkh-i Rawḍat al-Ṣafā : fihrist-i aʻlām va amākin va kutub. : Kitābfurūshī-i Khayyām, 1351/1372. 16+615 pages, Contains an introduction by Muhammad Javād Mashkūr.
XX

English and select other partial translations of the Rawḍat al-ṣafā’ :

The Paris 1843 Persian edition and partial trans. as Histoire des Samanides par Mirkhond...

Mirkhvand. Tarikh-i rawzat al-safa. Translated by E. Rehatsek as Rauzat-us-safa or, Garden of Purity. 2 Vols. Ed. Forster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot Arbuthnot. Oriental Translation Fund, New Series 1. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1891-2 -ed by for the Royal Asiatic Society, in two parts.

Edward Rehatsek (b. Ilok, Hungary, now in Croatia, 1819 – d. Bombay, 11 December 1891) was among other things a Professor of Latin and mathematics at Wilson College Bombay. In 1891‑2 he published his partial English translation of the first volume of the Rawḍat al‑ṣafa. This is an English rendering of the Bombay Lithograph printing of 1271/1854 and includes passages not found in, for example, the recent editions such as the Tehran 1375 Sh./ 1996 printing

The Rauzat-us-safa ; or, Garden of purity..by Muḥammad ibn Khāvandshāh Mīr Khvānd. Pt. I. v. 1-2. The histories of prophets, kings, and khalifs.--pt. II. v. 1-2. The life of Muhammad the apostle of Allah.--pt. II. v. 3. The lives of Abu Bakr, O'mar, O'thmân, and A'li, the four immediate successors of Muhammad the apostle
Muhammad Bin Khavendshah Bin Mahmud, The Rauzat-Us-Safa; Or, Garden of Purity: Containing the Histories of Prophets, Kings, and Khalifs (E. Rehatsek, trans., F. F. Arbuthnot, ed.) i (1894).

PDf, Rehatsek translation, Rauzat-us-safa

https://archive.org/details/rauzatussafaorg01unkngoog/page/n3/mode/2up

French Trans. 1894.

Rauzat-us-safa (Jardin de Purete): Bible de l'Islam, ou l'Histoire Sainte suivant la Foi Musulmane, par l'Historien Persan Mirkhond. Traduite de l'Anglais par E. Lemairesse. Imprimerie Deslis Freres, Toures, 1894. xiv, 358 pages.

[13] “Habib alsegar” [sic] حبيب السيّر... = [Tārīkh-i] Habīb al-siyār fī akhbār afrād bashar (The Beloved of Histories regarding the traditions of the most singular of mortals) of Ghiyāth al-Dīn ibn Humām al-Dīn Khwāndamīr (d. c. 941/ 1534-5). Dating to c. 930/1524.

Mīrkhwānd’s grandson the Persian historian Ghiyāth al-Dīn, Khwāndamīr summed up and supplemented his grandfather’s Rawḍat al-ṣafā’ in his Khulāṣat al-akhbār (905/1499). Khwāndamīr also completed his grandfather’s Rawḍat al-ṣafā’ writing a seventh volume and a conclusion He also authored another more extensive, multi-volume general history covering the period from the creation until just after the death of the Safavid Shāh Ismā’īl (d. 930/1524 CE). This latter work is entitled Tārīkh ḥabīb al-siyar (see above).

[14] “Atesh Keda” [sic.] = Ātish Khadah ?? (“the [Zoroastrian] Fire of God”?) = Ātish va Ātishkadah of Khudādād Khanjarī ?? =

[15]”Ketab Aashek” [sic.] = Kitāb al-Shaykh `Aṭṭār ?? Tadhkirat al-Awliya' ?

[16] “Ketab Sheikh [Shaykh] Utar, [sic.] in contain 114 volumes and “highly esteemed” by the Sufis = the book(s) of Farīd al-Dīn `Aṭṭār Nīshābūrī ( )

[17] “Aseere Sheik Nosbakhsh [sic.] which speaks about the Soffees” = The al-Sirah / Asrār-i Shaykh Nūrbakhsh which speaks about the Sufis...

[18]”Ketabe Sheikh Ali Kobe about Soffees” [sic.]

[19] Masnawee, the Gospel of the Soffees” [sic.] = The Mathnavī of Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (b. Vaxsh, 604/1207- d. 672/ 1273).

The Mathnavī of Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d. 672/1273) is a massive six book (2500+ lines) mathnavi Sufi poem widely regarded as the "Persian Bible". In both the east and the west, it has long been viewed as one of the most cherished and celebrated works of Persian literature.

The Persian text and translations of the Mathnavi.

Reynold A. Nicholson
A full (25,500 + lines) explanatory translation of The Mathnawí of Jalálu’ddín Rúmí. London: Luzac, 1925–1940.

Franklin D. Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2000.

Jalal al-Din Rumi - The Masnavi, Book One Oxford (2004)

Jalal Rumi - Rumi Swallowing the Sun, Poems Translated from the Persian. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2007.

[20] Deevan Mayhrabe” [sic.]

[21] “Devan Shams” [sic.]= Divan Shams-i Dīn Ṭabrīzī [Rūmī]

[22] “Peer Jamaale” [sic.] = پيرجمال اردستانى = Pīr Jamāl al-Din Ahmad Ardistānī (d. 879 /1474-75). Leader of the Jamaliyya, a Sufi group related also to the movement of the Ishraqi thinker and philosopher Shihab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi (d. 587/1191).

^{Sharh al-kunuz va bahr al-rumuz (see below) +}^{Extract cited}^{Nicholson, 1922 [EBG Fest 60th] p.369.}

Pīr Jamāl al-Din Ahmad-Muhammad Ardistānī / پير جمال الدين اردستانى

Kulliyat-i Pīr Jamāl ("The Compendium of Collected Works").

For useful details of a ms of this Kulliyat see Reynold A. Nicholson, "Pīr Jamāl" in A volume of Oriental studies : presented to Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.F.B.A., F.R.C.P., Sir Thomas Adam's professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge on his 60th birthday (7 February 1922) edited by Sir Thomas Walker Arnold; Reynold Nicholson, pp.364-370. PDf, Nicholson, "Pīr Jamāl" : Pir Jamal.pdf

مرآة الافراد / Mirʼāt al-afrād. ed Ḥusayn Anīsīʹpūr. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Zavvār, 1371 / 1992 or 3. 422 pages. See Hathi Trust Digital Library...

"The contents of the India Office MS. [having 1518 pages] are as follows : 1. Mir'atu'l-afrad (pp. 1-128). A large number of risalat in prose and verse addressed to his disciples on points of Sufi doctrine and the interpretation of verses of the Koran. On p. 127 the writer describes a vision of angels which he saw on the 8th of Muharram, A.H. 877." (Nicholson, in 1922: 365).

Kanz al--daqa' iq (pp. 129-175 )
Misbah al-arvah. Anjaman-i asar va mufakhir-i farhangi
Miṣbāḥ al-arvāḥ ed. Abū Ṭālib Mīr ʻĀbidīnī. Tehran : Anjuman-i Āthār va Mafākhir-i Farhangī, 1380/ 2001 or 2002. 229 pages.
ديو ان = Dīvān-i Pīr Jamāl Ardistānī
Sharh al-kunuz va bahr al-rumuz ["Commentary on the Treasuries and the Ocean of the Secret Enigmas"] / surudah-i Pir Jamal Ardistani; ed. Umid Sururi Jamali. Majlis-i Shura-yi Islami 1388/2009, Tehran, 1388/ 2009. 444,(7) pp. ISBN 10: 6005594117 / ISBN 13: 9786005594119

♦

ARABIC WORKS

The Fifteen (largely) Arabic works listed by the informants of Wolff.

[1] Koran = Qur’ān. The Holy Qur'an, the sacred book of the Islamic religion and of the Muslim world.

[2] "Amsala" [sic.] = Amthila the Arabic plural of mithal meaning, `example, lesson, parable, proverb, pattern, paradigm...

This is a the title of a bilingual Persian-Arabic elementary text on Arabic accidence (the inflections of words; morphology, syntax, grammar…) by ʻAli ibn Muhammad al-Jurjani (d. Shiraz, 816/1413), also entitled Sayyid-i Sharīf (the Noble Sayyid) and Mir (Notable, Commander). It was part of the madrasa curriculum and was first published from the early 19th century in India, Persia and elsewhere, e.g. Calcutta (1805), Lucknow (1843) and Bombay (1845), then slightly later in Tehran (1852, etc).

There are numerous mss. or copies of the Amthila in European amd international libraries.e.g. the collective ms. volume of 385 f. with texts in Arabic, Turkish and Persian = Or. 11.766. Therein Items 22 and 23 are :

22 al-Amthila al-jadida fi Bayan al-Lugha al-jayyida, or, al-Amthila al-Mukhtalifa min al-Farsi,
Item 23. Amthila-yi Farsi.

In recent times versions of the still widely used Amthila have been translated into English and other European languages and from their perusal an idea can be gained of the grammatical strictures the youthful Bab would have been expected to memorize and master.

لالي، احمد بن مصطفى

Note also the 1820s Arabic with Turkish commentary Kitāb Sharḥ amthila ("Book of the Commentary on the Amthila") of Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafá Lālī. See Princeton ms. "Three grammatical treatises".

^{https://www.worldcat.org/title/three-grammatical-treatises/oclc/50578995...}

[3] “Tasreef” = Taṣrīf in Arabic means "change, alteration, inflections, declensions, conjurgations". etc. Note also (from the same triliteral root ṣ-r-f) that the verbal-noun ṣarf also can have the same or similar grammatical senses including "alteration, inflection, declension and conjurgation", etc..

[4] “Sharea Tasreef” = Sharḥ-i Taṣrīf

[5] “Sharah Marah” [sic.] = Sharḥ-i Marāḥ al-arwāḥ by Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Masʻud (fl. 7th /13th cent. CE), a commentary on a massively important work on Arabic morphology and phonology.

For details see : World Cat. https://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n90668985

ابن مسعود، أحمد بن على, قرن = Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Masʻud, ابن مسعود، أحمد بن علي. زنجاني، عبد الوهاب بن إبراهيم. أبو حنيفة

مراح الأرواح،
Kitāb Marāḥ al-arwāḥ wa-yalīh Kitāb ʻArabī, wa-yalīh kitāb al-Maqṣūd, wa-yalīh kitāb al-Binā ... Cairo: 1254/1838.
See Hathi Trust Digital Library, for Full view

کتاب المراح. ed. عبد الوهاب بن إبراهيم. أبو حنيفة `Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim Abu Hanifah. [Cairo] Būlāq : al-Maṭbaʻah al-Khidīwīyah, 1252/ 1836 + 1282/1866. 111 pages.

Kitāb al-marāḥ - see Hathi Trust.

مراح الارواح مع حواشي جديدة / Marāḥ al-arwāḥ maʻa ḥawāshī jadīdah. Dahlī : Maṭbaʻ Mujtabāʼī, 1902. 96 pages. See HathiTrust Digital Library...

Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Masʻud ; Joyce Åkesson:

Arabic morphology and phonology : based on the Marāḥ al-arwāḥ by Aḥmad b. ʻAlī b. Masʻud (= Studies in Semitic languages and linguistics, 35.). Leiden, Brill. 2001. XII-444 pages. consists of an introduction, Arabic edition, English translation and commentary by Joyce Åkesson. There was also a 1990 earlier partial printing in Arabic, German and English. Summary " "This volume provides with an exhaustive study of Arabic morpho-phonology based on the 13th century complete work written by Ahmad b. 'Ali Mas'ud; the Marah al-arwah , which is critically edited and provided with an introduction, an English translation and an extensive commentary".

[6] “Jaa Barde”

[7] “Sharah Uamal”

[8] “Hedayat”

[9] “Anmoosaj”

[10] “Sharah Karr” Shaykh Baha'i Sharh-i Add

[11] “Sayyote” = Ṣuyūṭī.

This is most likely an Arabic work of the extremely polymathic Jalal al-Din al-Ṣuyūṭī ( ).

[12] “Sharah Jame” = Sharḥ-i `Abd al-Raḥman Jāmi ??

[13] “Mabsoot” [sic.] = Arabic, المبسوط al-Mabsūṭ, المبسوط في فقه الإمامية.

This is most likely the Arabic المبسوط في فقه الإمامية - al-Mabsūṭ fī fiqh al-Imāmiyya a multi-volume work of Shi`i or Imami jurisprudence with anciliary materials written by Abū Jaʿfar Muhammad ibn al-Ḥasan ʿAlī Ṭūṣi = Shaykh al-Ṭūsī / al-Ṭā'ifa (b. 385-460 = d. 995-1067-68),

See Āqā Buzurg al-Tehrani, al-Dharīʿa,19:54.

Publications of المبسوط في فقه الإمامية

Al-Mabsut fī fiqh al-Imāmiyya... Lithographin the handwriting of Muhammad 'Ali Khwansari. ed. Mirza Masih in 1270/1853-54.
Al-Mabsut fī fiqh al-Imāmiyya..: Tehran: 1855, Lithograph, 345 folios.
Al-Mabsut fī fiqh al-Imāmiyya..: Tehran: al- Matba`at al-Haydariyya ,,, 8 vols. ?
Al-Mabsut fī fiqh al-Imāmiyya... ed. Muḥammad al-Bāqir Bahbūdī in 8 vols., 3rd printing (2992 pages) al-Maktabat al-maktabah al-murtaḍiyyah li-Iḥyāʼ al-Āthār al-Jaʻfarīyah, 1387/1967-68 + 1351 Sh./1972. Includes marginal comments by Muhammad Taqī Kashfī.

All eight vols. of the 3rd printing available in PDf. on Archive. Org.

https://archive.org/details/BO035957/mode/2up

These weighty Fiqh vols open with a Kitab al-Ṭahārah (`The Book of Purity') which, among many other things, includes directives regrading impure things (e.g. blood) and the manner of their purification.

Miscellaneous Notes regarding the Bab and the Literary and Intellectual Milieu of Early Qajar Shiraz.

انورى، اوحد الدين،

دبستان المذاهب

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